Research roundup: 6 cool stories we almost missed

Research roundup: 6 cool stories we almost missed

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

Woodworking Plans Banner

A lip-syncing robotic, Leonardo’s DNA, and brand-new proof that human beings, not glaciers, moved stones to Stonehenge

Credit: Yuhang Hu/Creative Machines Lab

It’s a regrettable truth that there is never ever sufficient time to cover all the intriguing clinical stories we encounter monthly. Every month, we highlight a handful of the finest stories that almost slipped through the fractures. January’s list consists of a lip-syncing robotic; utilizing maker’s yeast as scaffolding for lab-grown meat; searching for Leonardo da Vinci’s DNA in his art; and brand-new proof that human beings actually did carry the stones to develop Stonehenge from Wales and northern Scotland, instead of being carried by glaciers.

Human beings, not glaciers, moved stones to Stonehenge

Credit: Timothy Darvill

Credit: Timothy Darvill

Stonehenge is a renowned landmark of limitless fascination to travelers and scientists alike. There has actually been a great deal of current chemical analysis recognizing where all the stones that comprise the structure originated from, exposing that lots of come from quarries a substantial range away. How were the stones carried to their present area?

One theory holds that glaciers moved the bluestones a minimum of part of the method from Wales to Salisbury Plain in southern England, while others compete that people moved them– although specifically how that was done has yet to be conclusively figured out. Scientists at Curtin University have actually now produced the greatest clinical proof to date that it was people, not glaciers, that carried the stones, according to a paper released in the journal Communications Earth & & Environment.

Curtin’s Anthony Clarke and co-authors counted on mineral fingerprinting to reach their conclusions. In 2024, Clarke’s group found the Stonehenge Altar Stone stemmed from the Orkney area in the extremely northeast corner of Scotland, instead of Wales. This time, they examined numerous zircon crystals gathered from rivers near to the historical monolith, trying to find proof of Pleistocene-era sediment. Per Clarke, if the stones had actually “cruised” to the plain from more north, there would be an unique mineral signature because sediment as the carried rocks wore down with time. They didn’t discover that signature, making it even more most likely that people transferred the stone.

DOI: Communications Earth & & Environment, 2026. 10.1038/ s43247-025-03105-3 (About DOIs).

When insects fly

Credit: Princeton University/Sameer A. Khan/Fotobuddy

Credit: Princeton University/Sameer A. Khan/Fotobuddy

Everybody understands insects can hop, however they can likewise flap their wings, dive, and slide, moving flawlessly throughout both the ground and through the air. That capability influenced researchers from Princeton University to design an unique technique to developing robotic wings, according to a paper released in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface. This might one day allow multimodal mobility for mini robotics with prolonged flight times.

According to the authors, insects have 2 sets of wings: forewings and hindwings. Forewings are mainly utilized for security and camouflage, while the latter are associated with flapping and moving, and are corrugated to enable them to fold into the bug’s body. The group took CT scans to record the geometry of insect wings and utilized the scans to 3D print design wings with differing styles. Next they checked each variation in a water channel to study how water streamed around the wing, separating crucial functions like a wing’s shape or corrugation to see how this affected the circulation.

Once they had actually refined their style, they printed brand-new wings and connected them to little frames to develop grasshopper-sized gliders. The group then introduced the gliders throughout the laboratory and utilized movement capture to examine how well they flew. The glider carried out along with real insects. In addition, they discovered that a smooth wing led to more effective sliding. Why do genuine insect wings have corrugations? The authors recommend that these developed due to the fact that they assist with performing high angles.

DOI: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2026. 10.1098/ rsif.2025.0117 (About DOIs).

Lip-syncing robotic

Credit: Yuhang Hu/Creative Machines Lab

Credit: Yuhang Hu/Creative Machines Lab

Humanoid robotics are remarkable, however no one would error them for real human beings, in part due to the fact that even the ones that have faces are far too restricted in facial gestures, consisting of lip movement– for this reason, the”Uncanny Valley.”Columbia University engineers have actually now developed a robotic efficient in discovering facial lip movements for speaking and singing. According to a paper released in Science Robotics, the resulting robotic face had the ability to speak words in numerous various languages and sing an AI-generated tune. (Its AI-generated launching album is appropriately entitled hi world).

What makes human faces so distinctively efficient in expression are the lots of muscles lying simply under the skin. Robotic faces are stiff and thus just have a restricted variety of movement. The Columbia group developed their robotic face out of versatile product enhanced with 26 motors (actuators). The robotic found out to how its face relocated action to various actuator activity by seeing itself in a mirror as it tried countless random facial expressions. Ultimately it found out how to accomplish particular facial gestures.

The next action was to let the robotic watch taped videos of people talking and singing, enhanced with an AI algorithm that allowed it to find out precisely how the human mouths moved when carrying out those jobs so it might lip sync along. The resulting lip movement wasn’t best; the robotic dealt with “B” and “W” sounds in specific. The authors think the robotic will enhance with more practice; integrating this capability with ChatGPT or Gemini might even more enhance its lip-syncing capability.

DOI: Science Robotics, 2026. 10.1126/ scirobotics.adx3017 (About DOIs).

Is Leonardo’s DNA protected in his art?

Credit: Paola Agazzi/ Archivio di Stato di Prato/ Italian Ministry of Culture

Credit: Paola Agazzi/ Archivio di Stato di Prato/ Italian Ministry of Culture

In 2020, researchers evaluated the microorganisms discovered on numerous of Leonardo da Vinci’s illustrations and found that each had its own unique microbiome/. A junior varsity, dealing with the Leonardo da Vinci DNA Project in France, gathered and examined swabs drawn from centuries-old art in a personal collection housed in Florence, Italy. They concluded that microbial signatures might be utilized to distinguish art work according to the products utilized– calling this emerging subfield “arteomics.”

Another group working together with the job fastidiously put together Leonardo’s household tree in 2021, covering 21 generations from 1331 to the present, resulting a full-length book released last year. The concept was that this will one day offer a way of carrying out DNA screening to validate whether the bones interred in Leonardo’s tomb are in fact the his. And now the job’s researchers are back with a preprint published to the bioRxiv, revealing the effective sequencing of human DNA gathered from a handful of artifacts connected with Leonardo– consisting of an illustration of the Holy Child that some scholars credit to Leonardo, along with letters from a da Vinci member of the family.

The group gently swabbed samples from the artifacts’ surface areas and had the ability to recuperate human Y-chromosome series from numerous of the samples. Numerous of these series belonged and the authors hypothesize that some may even be Leonardo’s, although they warned that the samples would require to be compared to samples drawn from the artist’s note pads, burial website, and household burial place to make a conclusive recognition. The authors likewise discovered DNA from germs, fungis, flowers, and animals in a few of the samples, in addition to traces of infections and parasites.

DOI: bioRxiv, 2026. 10.64898/ 2026.01.06.697880 (About DOIs).

From pint to plate

Credit: Christian Harrison et al., 2026

Credit: Christian Harrison et al., 2026

Lab-grown meat is typically promoted as a more ecologically accountable option to the genuine offer, however meat-eating customers are typically postponed by the uninviting mouthfeel and texture(and, for me, an unusual oily aftertaste). A brand-new technique utilizing invested maker’s yeast to make edible “scaffolding” for cultivating meat in the laboratory may one day use an option, according to a paper released in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.

Usually, a nutrient broth is utilized as a source of germs for the scaffolding. Richard Day of University College London and his co-authors chose to utilize maker’s yeast, generally disposed of as waste, to culture a types of germs understood for making top quality cellulose. They evaluated the mechanical and structural residential or commercial properties of that cellulose with a “chewing device.” They concluded that the cellulose made from invested maker’s yeast was much better in texture to genuine meat than the cellulose scaffolding made from a nutrient broth. The next action is to integrate fat and muscle cells into the cellulose, in addition to screening yeast from various type of beer.

DOI: Frontiers in Nutrition, 2026. 10.3389/ fnut.2025.1656960 (About DOIs).

Water-driven equipments

New york city University researchers produced an equipment system that depends on water to produce motion. For some conditions, the rotors spin in the very same instructions like wheels looped together with a belt.

Equipments have actually been around for countless years; the Chinese were utilizing them in two-wheeled chariots as far back as 3000 BCE, and they are a pillar in windmills, clocks, and the renowned Antikythera system. Roboticists likewise utilize equipments in their innovations, however whether they are made from wood, metal or plastic, such equipments tend to be inflexible and for this reason more vulnerable to damage. That’s why New York University mathematician Leif Reistroph and coworkers chose to see if streaming air or water might be utilized to turn robotic structures.

Ristroph’s laboratory regularly resolves all way of vibrant real-world puzzles: tweak the dish for the ideal bubble, for example; checking out the physics of the Hula-Hoop; or the development processes underlying so-called “stone forests” typical in China and Madagascar. In 2021, his laboratory constructed a working Tesla valve, in accordance with the developer’s style; the list below year they studied the intricate aerodynamics of what makes a great paper plane– particularly what is required for smooth moving; and in 2024 they broke the problem of the “reverse sprinkler” issue that physicists like Richard Feynman, to name a few, had actually come to grips with because the 1940s.

For their newest paper, released in the journal Physical Review Letters, Ristroph et al. wished to create something that operated like an equipment just with streaming liquid driving the movement, rather of teeth grinding versus each other. They performed a series of experiments in which they immersed round rotors in a glycerol-and-water option. One cylinder would turn while the other was passive.

They discovered that the turning cylinder, integrated with fluid circulation, sufficed to cause rotation in the passive cylinder. The circulations worked much in the very same method as equipment teeth when the cylinders were close together. Moving the cylinders even more apart triggered the active cylinder to turn much faster, looping the circulations around the passive cylinder– basically imitating a belt and sheave system.

DOI: Physical Review Letters, 2026. 10.1103/ m6ft-ll2c (About DOIs).

Jennifer is a senior author at Ars Technica with a specific concentrate on where science fulfills culture, covering whatever from physics and associated interdisciplinary subjects to her preferred movies and television series. Jennifer resides in Baltimore with her partner, physicist Sean M. Carroll, and their 2 felines, Ariel and Caliban.

18 Comments

  1. Listing image for first story in Most Read: AI agents now have their own Reddit-style social network, and it's getting weird fast

Find out more

As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.

You May Also Like

About the Author: tech